Apparatus and method for discharging chips from a lathe

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus for removing chips from a workpiece on a lathe including a spindle with a through hole formed therein, a chuck having a through hole formed therein and affixed adjacent a forward end of the spindle, a cutting mechanism cooperative with the chuck so as to remove metal chips from a workpiece mounted on the chuck, and a coolant line connected to the cutting mechanism and directed generally toward the through hole of the chuck so as to drive metal chips through the through hole of the spindle and outwardly of a rear end of the spindle. A guide sleeve is positioned within the through hole of the spindle so as to be fixed and nonrotatable therewithin. The coolant line includes a high pressure coolant line and a low pressure coolant line. The cutting system includes a turret with a cutting tool affixed to a station of the turret. The coolant line is connected to the turret and extends so as to have an outlet adjacent to the cutting tool. The coolant line delivers liquid toward the through hole of the spindle at a pressure of no less than 100 p.s.i.

RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] The present application claims priority from U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 60/188,769, filed on Mar. 13, 2000, and entitled“Method and Device for Discharging Chips from Rear End of Main SpindleThrough Hole”, presently pending.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to chip removal devices for lathes.More particularly, the present invention relates to the use of highpressure coolant systems for the removal of chips from the interior boreof a workpiece affixed to a chuck of a lathe.

[0004] 2. Description of the Prior Art

[0005] A lathe is a machine for revolving a piece of material so as toenable a cutting tool to shape it into a component of circularcross-section or to perform a screw-cutting operation. Lathes, which areamong the most common machine tools, vary widely in design. What theyhave in common is that the workpiece is given a rotational movement andthe material is cut away by a tool that is given an appropriatecombination of linear (axial and radial) movements.

[0006]FIG. 1 shows a center lathe, also known as an engine lathe. Thisis the most widely used type of lathe. The lathe 10 has a chuck 12 whichholds a workpiece 14 therein. The rotational movement is imparted to theworkpiece 14 by the work spindle 16 mounted in the head stock 18 of thelathe 10. To enable long bars to be accommodated, the work spindle 16may be of a hollow construction. The end of this spindle 16 is threadedto take various chucks, such as chuck 12. The chucks are grippingdevices which hold the workpiece, as required. The required speed ofrotation of the spindle 16, and therefore the cutting speed of the tool20, is controlled by a suitable selection of the transmission ratio ofthe main gear box. Mounted on the guideways of the lathe's bed 22 is thesaddle (or carriage) 24. The saddle 24 carries the cutting tool 12 andis constructed as a compound slide. The saddle 24 moves in thelongitudinal direction of the lathe 10. A cross slide 26 can be movedonly in the transverse direction. Mounted on the cross slide 26 is thetop slide 28. The top slide 28 can be moved longitudinally. It can alsobe swiveled about a vertical axis and clamped in any position asdesired. The feed (advancing) and adjustment movements of the slides canbe performed by means of crank handles on the saddle. Automatic controlof the feed motion can be provided by means of the feed shaft, whichreceives its rotational movement from the work spindle 16. The feedshaft is provided with a worm which rotates with this shaft, but canslide longitudinally in relation to it.

[0007] At the opposite end of the lathe bed 22 from the head stock 18 isthe tail stock 30. The tail stock 30 can move along the guideways andcan be clamped in a desired position. The center sleeve in the tailstock can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the lathe 10 bymeans of a handwheel and screw spindle and can thus be brought towardthe workpiece. The sleeve is provided with a tapered socket to take acenter or a boring or reaming tool.

[0008] Threads are in widespread use as constructive elements in generalmechanical engineering. These threads can be made in cylindrical orconical form. Chips are formed which correspond to the lead of suchthreads. These chips and shavings will wind up in a spiral configurationand be rather bulky. Usually, thread-cutting tools are equipped with thechip-breaker to prevent the formation of long continuous and bulky chipsor shavings. Long, sharp and bulky chips or shavings are dangerous tothe operator and cumbersome to handle. These chips will twist around thetool and cause damage to the cutting tool and workpiece. Chips orshavings broken by the chip-breaker are possibly treated safely andproperly if they are formed during the external cutting process.However, if chips or shavings, which are broken by the chip-breaker, areformed during the internal cutting production, it is very difficult toremove them. They are pushed ahead by the cutting tool and stick insidethe cylindrical or conical workpiece. In order to protect the cuttingtool and workpiece against damage, the operator should stop the machineand remove them manually. This will result in less productivity. As aresult, it is desirable to be able to remove the chips or shavingsduring the turning process. Such a system and device could beadvantageous to the internal cutting production of parts.

[0009] During normal operations, the lathe operation must be stopped andthe protective hood around the cutting operation must be opened.Conventionally, a worker will use a long rod to reach into the areawithin the interior of the workpiece so as to pull out the coiled chips.Subsequent to the removal of such chips, the rod must be removed, theprotective door closed and the machining operation restarted. As can beunderstood, this is a very time consuming and labor-intensive process.

[0010] It is an object of the present invention to provide a method andapparatus for removing chips or shavings during the internal cuttingproduction.

[0011] It is another object of the present invention to provide a methodand apparatus for removing chips which allows the machining operation tobe carried out on a continuous basis without interruption.

[0012] It is another object of the present invention to provide a methodand apparatus for removing the chips or shavings during internal cuttingproduction which protects the cutting tool and workpiece against damage.

[0013] It is still a further object of the present invention to providea method and apparatus for removing chips which increases productivityand minimizes risk to the worker.

[0014] It is still a further object of the present invention to providea method and apparatus for removing chips which is relativelyinexpensive and easy to implement.

[0015] These and other objects and advantages of the present inventionwill become apparent from a reading of the attached specification andappended claims.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The present invention is a method and apparatus for removingchips from a lathe. As used herein, the term “chips” includes chips,shavings, and other metal particles which are removed during theinternal metal cutting operations of a lathe.

[0017] The apparatus of the present invention includes a spindle havinga through hole formed therein, a chuck having a through hole formedtherein affixed adjacent a forward end of the spindle such that thethrough hole of the chuck is aligned with the through hole of thespindle, a cutting mechanism cooperative with the chuck so as to removemetals from a workpiece mounted on the chuck, and a coolant lineconnected to the cutting mechanism and directed generally toward thethrough hole of the chuck so as to drive metal chips through the throughhole of the spindle and outwardly of the rear end of the spindle.

[0018] In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a guidesleeve is positioned within the through hole of the spindle. The guidesleeve is fixed and nonrotatable. The spindle will rotate around theguide sleeve. The guide sleeve will extend from the forward end towardthe rearward end of the spindle. A tapered sleeve is affixed within thethrough hole of the chuck and extends toward the end of the guide sleeveadjacent to the forward end of the spindle. This tapered sleeve has awide end opening at the through hole of the chuck and a narrow endadjacent to the forward end of the spindle. This tapered sleeve willrotate with the rotation of the spindle.

[0019] In the present invention, the cutting system includes a turretand a cutting tool affixed to a station of the turret. The coolant lineis connected to the turret and extends toward the cutting tool. Thecoolant line has an outlet adjacent to the cutting tool. A chip removaltool is affixed to another station of the turret. The coolant line hasanother outlet at the chip removal tool. The turret is rotatable suchthat the chip removal tool can be positioned adjacent to the throughhole of the chuck.

[0020] In the present invention, the coolant line includes a highpressure coolant line, a low pressure coolant line, a reservoir, and apump means connected to the reservoir for pumping a liquid from thereservoir selectively through one of the high pressure coolant line andthe low pressure coolant line. The pump means serves to pass liquidthrough an outlet of the high pressure coolant line at no less than1,000 p.s.i. The pump means also serves to pass liquid through an outletof the low pressure coolant line at between 100 and 1,000 p.s.i.

[0021] A chip conveyor is positioned so as to receive chips dischargedfrom the rear end of the spindle.

[0022] The present invention is also a method of removing chips producedduring the cutting operations of a lathe comprising: (1) forming athrough hole in a spindle of the lathe; (2) attaching a coolant lineadjacent a cutting tool of the lathe so as to have an outlet directedgenerally toward the through hole of the spindle; (3) pumping coolantthrough the coolant line such that the coolant line releases liquid at apressure of no less than 100 p.s.i.; (4) cutting chips by the cuttingtool from the workpiece affixed to the chuck; and (5) driving the chipsthrough the through hole of the chuck and through the through hole ofthe spindle by the liquid pressure from the coolant line. The chips aredischarged from an end of the spindle opposite the chuck.

[0023] The step of cutting the chips includes rotating the spindle. Themethod of the present invention also includes affixing a guide sleevewithin the through hole of the spindle such that the guide sleeve isstationary during the rotation of the spindle. The step of affixing acoolant line includes affixing a high pressure coolant line adjacent tothe cutting tool and affixing a low pressure coolant line adjacent tothe cutting tool. The step of pumping includes pumping liquid at apressure of greater than 1,000 p.s.i. through the high pressure coolantline. The step of pumping also includes pumping liquid at a pressure ofbetween 100 and 1,000 p.s.i. through the low pressure coolant line.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art engine lathe.

[0025]FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic side view of the apparatus of the presentinvention.

[0026]FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the apparatus of thepresent invention.

[0027]FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the cutting tool andcoolant system as used in the present invention.

[0028]FIG. 5 is an end view showing the cutting tool and coolant systemof the present invention as mounted on a rotatable turret.

[0029]FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a form of the presentinvention without the tapered sleeve.

[0030]FIG. 7 shows the tapered sleeve as positioned within the throughhole of the chuck.

[0031]FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment ofthe present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0032] Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown at 40 the apparatus of thepresent invention for removing chips during the cutting operations of alathe. In particular, the apparatus 40 includes a spindle 42 rotatablymounted within the lathe 44. The spindle 42 has a through hole 46 formedtherein. The through hole 46 opens at a forward end 48 and at a rearwardend 50. A chuck 52 has a through hole 54 formed therein. The chuck 52 isaffixed adjacent to the forward end 48 of the spindle 42. The throughhole 54 of the chuck 52 is aligned with the through hole 46 of thespindle 42. A cutting mechanism 56 is suitably mounted on the lathe 44and is cooperative with the chuck 52 so as to remove metal chips from aworkpiece 58 received within the jaws 60 of the chuck 52. A coolant line62 is connected to the cutting mechanism 56. It is directed toward thethrough hole 54 of the chuck 52 and toward the through hole 46 of thespindle 42 so as to drive metal chips through the through holes 54 and46 so that the metal chips can be discharged at the rear end 50 of thespindle 42.

[0033] In the present invention, the lathe 44 is mounted on a base 64positioned on floor 66. A coolant discharge receptacle 68 is mountedwithin the base 64 so as to receive the residual coolant that woulddrain from the interior of the workpiece 58. A coolant reservoir 70 isillustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 2. The coolant reservoir 70 willinclude suitable pumps 72 and 74 for the purpose of passing the coolantliquid from the reservoir 70 as fluid flows through a high pressurecoolant line 76 and a low pressure coolant line 78. The pump 72 isconnected to the reservoir 70 so as to selectively pass coolant throughthe coolant line 78 so that the coolant is released from the outletassociated with the cutting tool 62 at a pressure of over 1,000 p.s.i.Ideally, and preferably, the pressure of the liquid released through thehigh pressure coolant line 76 will be approximately 1,500 p.s.i. Thisgreat amount of pressure is required so as to properly drive the metalchips through the through hole 46 of the spindle 42.

[0034] The pump 74 is connected to the reservoir 70 so as to pass liquidthrough the low pressure coolant line 78 to other outlets associatedwith the cutting tool 62. The low pressure coolant line 78, incombination with the pump 74, will selectively pass coolant so as to bereleased from an outlet at between 100 p.s.i. and 1,000 p.s.i. It isdesired to pass coolant in an amount of fifteen gallons per minutethrough the outlets of the respective coolant lines 76 and 78. The highpressure coolant line is designed so as to create a greater “force” forpushing the metal chips through the through hole 46. The greater “flood”of liquid emitted by the low pressure coolant line 78 will serve for awide area dispersion of force for the purpose of generally clearing thethrough hole 46 of any residual chips.

[0035] In FIG. 2, it can be seen that the cutting system 56 includes athreading and boring bar 80 which is connected to a station 82 of aturret 84. The turret 84 is slidably mounted on the lathe 44. The turret84 is suitable for positioning various stations of tools in a desiredposition relative to the workpiece 54. The turret 84 can be suitablycontrolled by any numerical control (NC) apparatus or other processors.

[0036] Importantly, a chip removal tool 86 is affixed to another stationof the turret 84. The chip removal tool 86 has a generally flat end withthe outlets of the high pressure coolant line 76 and the low pressurecoolant line 78 formed thereon. If a full and thorough flushing of anymetal particles from the workpiece 54 is desired, then the turret 84 canbe suitably rotated so that the chip removal tool 86 is positionedwithin the interior of the workpiece 58. Then the desired pressure canbe applied by activating one of the pumps 72 and 74.

[0037] When the metal parts are flushed from the interior of theworkpiece 58, they will pass through the through hole 54 of the chuck 52and through the through hole 46 of the spindle 42. They will then passoutwardly from the discharge end 50 of the spindle 42 into a chute 88and onto a dumper 90 associated with a discharge conveyor 92. Thedischarge conveyor 92 will allow any residual coolant to drain thereintoso that pump 94 can cause the coolant to be recirculated back to thereservoir 70 for further use. The various metal pieces associated withthe chips or shavings are moved by the chip conveyor 92 upwardly to adischarge hopper 96 above a container 98. As such, the metal chips fromthe machining operation can be suitably removed from the workplace.

[0038]FIG. 3 shows the interior of the apparatus 40 associated with thepresent invention. In particular, the lathe 44 is shown as havingspindle 42 rotatably mounted therein. Drive connections 100 are engagedwith an end of the spindle 42 so as to impart rotational movement to thespindle 42. Suitable bearings 102 are included within the frame 104 ofthe lathe 44 so that the spindle 42 can suitably rotate relative to therotational movement imparted by the drive connection 100. The spindle 42is rotated in the same manner as spindles in conventional lathes. It canbe seen that the chuck 52 is suitably connected to the forward end ofthe spindle 42. The chuck 52 will rotate with the spindle 42. The chuck52 has suitable jaws 106 for engaging the workpiece therein. The chuck52 has a through hole 54 formed therein. Similarly, the spindle 42 has athrough hole 46 formed therein. The through hole 54 of the chuck 52 isaxially aligned with the through hole 46 associated with spindle 42.

[0039] Importantly, in FIG. 3, it can be seen that a guide sleeve 108 isaffixed within the through hole 46 of spindle 42. The guide sleeve 108has interior passageway 110 extending therethrough. The guide sleeve 108has a forward end 112 adjacent to the forward end 48 of spindle 42. Theguide sleeve 108 has a rearward end 114 adjacent to the rear end 50 ofthe spindle 42. The guide sleeve 108 is mounted within the through hole46 of spindle 42 so as to be nonrotatably positioned therein.Experiments with the present invention have suggested that when thespindle 42 rotates, certain metal pieces will cling to the wall of thespindle 42 by centrifugal force. Since the guide sleeve 108 does notrotate with the spindle 42, the “clinging” effect of centrifugal forcewill not occur. As such, chips produced during the machining operationcan flow freely through the interior passageway 110 of the guide sleeve108.

[0040] A tapered sleeve 120 is affixed to the chuck 52 and is affixed tothe forward end 48 of the spindle 42. The tapered sleeve 120 will rotatewith the rotation of the spindle 42. The tapered sleeve 120 has a wideend 122 adjacent to the jaws 106 of the chuck 52. The tapered sleeve 120will have a narrow end 124 adjacent to the forward end 112 of the guidesleeve 108. The tapered sleeve 120 will prevent any chips from becominglodged at the step-and-groove associated at the boundary surface betweenthe chuck 52 and the through hole 46 of the spindle 42. Such astep-and-groove 130 is illustrated in FIG. 6. This step-and-groove 130is at the boundary surface between the chuck 52 and the main spindlethrough hole 46. Some of the chips or shavings which would be flushed bythe high pressure of the high pressure coolant lines 76 could stick inthis step-and-groove 130. FIG. 7 shows how the use of tapered sleeve 120avoids the problems associated with the step-and-groove 130. The taperedsleeve 120 is fitted into the chuck 52 in the area of the through hole54. This will extend so as to eliminate the step-and-groove 130 (asshown in FIG. 6) at the boundary surface between the chuck 52 and thethrough hole 46 of the spindle 42. By using the apparatus 40 of thepresent invention and the force of the high pressure coolant, onehundred percent of the chips will pass through the through hole 54 ofthe chuck 52 and through the through hole 46 of the spindle 42. Acomplete removal of the chips will occur from the rear end 114 of thesleeve 108. As a result, damage to the cutting tool 62 is effectivelyprevented. The tapered sleeve 120 is configured so as to fit flushagainst the wall of the through hole 54 of the chuck 52.

[0041]FIG. 4 is an isolated view of the cutting system 56 associatedwith the apparatus 40 of the present invention. The cutting system 56includes a suitable turret 84 which is rotatable and has variousstations. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the high pressure coolant line 76will extend so as to be connected to fittings 150. A fluid passageway152 will extend upwardly into the cutting tool 62 so as to have anoutlet 154 adjacent to the cutting insert 156. As a result, highpressure coolant is forced toward the through hole 54 of the chuck 52and toward the interface between the cutting insert 156 and theworkpiece 58.

[0042] The low pressure coolant line 78 is connected to a fitting 158.Fluid line 160 will extend upwardly so as to have a plurality of outlets162 opening around the periphery of the cutting tool 62. As such, aflood of low pressure coolant is released around the periphery of thecutting tool 62.

[0043]FIG. 4 shows the chip removal tool 86 extending outwardly fromanother station 164 of the turret 84. The chip removal tool 86 will havea high pressure outlet 166 and a plurality of low pressure outlets 168formed around the periphery of the chip removal tool 86. The turret 84can be suitably rotated so that the station associated with the chipremoval tool 86 is aligned with the interior of the workpiece 58 so asto particularly direct either high pressure coolant or low pressurecoolant into this interior area.

[0044]FIG. 5 shows the operation of the turret 84. As can be seen,various cutting tools 170, 172 and 174 can be affixed within variousstations associated with the turret 84. Turret 84 is illustrated ashaving a total of twelve stations. The positioning of the various toolsrelative to the stations will be in accordance with the desiredmachining operations. The chip removal tool 86 is illustrated as havinga plurality of nozzles 168 representing the various outlets of the lowpressure coolant line 78. One or more of the nozzles 166 can be for thedelivery of high pressure coolant.

[0045]FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment 200 of the presentinvention. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the spindle 202 isrotatably mounted within the frame 204 of a lathe 206. The spindle 202has a through hole 208 formed therein. The spindle 202 is connected atits forward end 210 to the chuck 212. The chuck 212 has a through hole214 axially aligned with the through hole 208 of spindle 202.

[0046] Unlike the prior embodiment of the present invention, the spindle202 does not include the guide sleeve 108. In this alternative form ofthe present invention, the inner wall 216 of the spindle 202 has aspiral-shaped pathway 218 extending therearound and therealong. Thethrough hole 208 of spindle 202 has a narrow end 220 adjacent to thechuck 212 and a wide end 222 adjacent to the discharge chute 88. Thespiral-shaped pathway 218, along with the tapering of the spindle 202,will cause any metal chips produced during the machining operation tobe urged toward the discharge end 220 and into the chute 88. The use ofthe spiral-shaped pathway 218 relies upon the centrifugal force betweenthe chips and the wall of the through hole 208 of spindle 202 to movethe chips toward the discharge end 220. As used herein, the “pathway”can be a channel formed in the inner wall of the spindle. Alternatively,a spiral-shaped or worm-shaped ridge configuration may be used. In otherwords, the spiral or worm-shaped ridge may extend along the inner wallof the spindle 202 so as to cause the movement of the chips in themanner described hereinbefore.

[0047] In the present invention, the high pressure coolant system havinghigh pressure coolant lines and low pressure coolant lines provides therequisite force so as to urge the chips and shavings formed during theinternal cutting production to be discharged from the rear end of thespindle. The use of the tapered sleeve and the work-holding chuckprovides the smoothness at the boundary surface between the throughholes of the chuck and the main spindle so that the chips or shavingscan pass smoothly through the through holes of the chuck and thespindle. The present invention eliminates the need for the operator ofthe lathe to shut down the machine for the removal of the chips. As aresult, productivity of the machining operation is greatly improved.Additionally, the worker does not have to reach into the interior of theworkpiece to removed accumulated spiral-shaped strands of chips andshavings. As a result, the safety of the worker is improved.

[0048] The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention isillustrative and explanatory thereof. Various changes in the details ofthe illustrated construction can be made within the scope of theappended claims without departing from the true spirit of the invention.The present invention should only be limited by the following claims andtheir legal equivalents.

We claim:
 1. An apparatus for removing chips from a lathe comprising: aspindle having a through hole formed therein, said through hole openingat a forward end and a rear end of said spindle; a chuck having athrough hole formed therein, said chuck affixed adjacent said forwardend of said spindle, said through hole of said chuck being aligned withsaid through hole of said spindle; a cutting mechanism cooperative withsaid chuck so as to remove metal chips from the workpiece mounted insaid chuck; and a coolant line connected to said cutting mechanism anddirected generally toward said through hole of said chuck so as to drivemetal chips through said through hole of said spindle and outwardly ofsaid rear end of said spindle.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1 , furthercomprising: a guide sleeve positioned within said through hole of saidspindle, said spindle being rotatable, said guide sleeve being fixed andin non-rotatable relationship within said spindle.
 3. The apparatus ofclaim 2 , said guide sleeve extending between said forward end and saidrear end of said spindle.
 4. The apparatus of claim 2 , furthercomprising: a tapered sleeve affixed within said through hole of saidchuck and extending toward an end of said guide sleeve adjacent saidforward end of said spindle.
 5. The apparatus of claim 4 , said taperedsleeve having a wide end opening at said through hole of said chuck anda narrow end at said forward end of said spindle, said tapered sleeveaffixed to said spindle so as to rotate with a rotation of said spindle.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , said through hole of said spindle beingtapered so as to have a narrow end at said forward end of said spindleand a wide end at said rear end of said spindle.
 7. The apparatus ofclaim 6 , said through hole of said spindle having a wall therearound,said wall having a spiraled pathway extending from said forward endtoward said rearward end.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1 , said cuttingsystem comprising: a turret; and a cutting tool affixed to a station ofsaid turret, said coolant line said connected to said turret andextending toward said cutting tool, said coolant line having an outletadjacent said cutting tool.
 9. The apparatus of claim 8 , said cuttingsystem further comprising: a chip removal tool affixed to anotherstation of said turret, said coolant line having another outlet at saidchip removal tool, said turret being rotatable such that said chipremoval tool is positioned adjacent said through hole of said chuck. 10.The apparatus of claim 1 , said coolant line comprising: a high pressurecoolant line; a low pressure coolant line; a reservoir; and a pump meansconnected to said reservoir for pumping a liquid from said reservoirselectively through one of said high pressure coolant line and said lowpressure coolant line.
 11. The apparatus of claim 10 , said pump meansfor passing liquid through an outlet of said high pressure coolant lineat no less than 1,000 p.s.i. and for passing through an outlet of saidlow pressure coolant line at between 100 and 1,000 p.s.i.
 12. Theapparatus of claim 1 , further comprising: a chip conveyor positioned soas to receive chips discharged from said rear end of said spindle.
 13. Amethod of removing chips produced during cutting operations on a lathecomprising: forming a through hole in a spindle of the lathe; attachinga coolant line adjacent a cutting tool of the lathe so as to have anoutlet directed generally toward said through hole of said spindle;pumping coolant through said coolant line such that said coolant linereleases liquid at a pressure of no less than 100 p.s.i.; cutting chipsby said cutting tool from a workpiece affixed to a chuck, said chuckhaving a through hole aligned with said through hole of said spindle;and driving the chips through said through hole of said chuck andthrough said through hole of said spindle by a force of the liquidreleased from said coolant line.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13 , farthercomprising: discharging the chips from an end of said spindle oppositesaid chuck.
 15. The method of claim 13 , said step of cutting chipscomprising rotating said spindle, the method further comprising:affixing a guide sleeve in said through hole of said spindle such thatsaid guide sleeve is stationary during the rotation of said spindle. 16.The method of claim 13 , said step of forming a through hole comprising:forming a tapered through hole in said spindle such that such taperedthrough hole has a narrow end adjacent the chuck and a wide end at anend of said spindle opposite the chuck.
 17. The method of claim 13 ,said step of affixing a coolant line comprising: affixing a highpressure coolant line adjacent said cutting tool; and affixing a lowpressure coolant line adjacent said cutting tool, said step of pumpingcomprising pumping liquid at a pressure of greater than 1,000 p.s.i.through said high pressure coolant line, said step of pumping comprisingpumping liquid at a pressure of between 100 an 1,000 p.s.i. through saidlow pressure coolant line.
 18. The method of claim 13 , furthercomprising: affixing a workpiece to said chuck; affixing said coolantline to a station of a turret; rotating said workpiece and said chuck;and moving said turret toward said workpiece such that said cutting toolremoves chips from an interior diameter of the workpiece.
 19. The methodof claim 18 , further comprising: affixing a chip removal tool toanother station of said turret, said chip removal tool having anothercoolant line having an outlet thereon; moving said turret and said chipremoval tool such that said chip removal tool is interior of saidworkpiece; and pumping liquid through said coolant line and outwardly ofsaid chip removal tool so as to drive chips through said through hole ofsaid spindle.
 20. The method of claim 15 , further comprising: affixinga tapered sleeve within a through hole of said chuck, said taperedsleeve having an end adjacent a forward end of said guide sleeve, saidtapered sleeve rotatable within said spindle.